2023 Clinch County, Georgia Demographics | Data & Analysis

Ready-to-use reports, analytics, and visualizations covering Clinch County, Georgia, including population, race, income, and more. Based on 2023 American Community Survey Estimates.

Clinch County, Georgia Key Demographic Statistics (2023 Estimates)

Key demographic statistics summarized from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS).

Total Population
6,722
Median Age
38.8 years
Median Household Income
$55,549
Bachelor's Degree+
13.02%
Uninsured Rate
22.5%
Total Households
2,470
Total Workers
2,598
Citizenship Rate
94.9%
Total Veterans
209
Top Veteran Era
Vietnam Era Only
Poverty Rate
15.1%
Families in Poverty
265
SNAP Recipients
21.86%
Households w/ SNAP
540

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Age & Gender Distribution

Bar chart showing the population distribution of Clinch County, Georgia by age group and gender, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the total population of Clinch County, Georgia is 6,722. The median age of the population in Clinch County, Georgia is 38.8 years. The median age for males is 37.5 years, and for females it is 40.0 years.

The age distribution of the population in Clinch County, Georgia by age group is as follows:

Population Percentage by Age Group in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Age Group Percentage
Under 5 years 6.49%
5–17 years (children) 18.49%
18–24 years (young adults) 5.67%
25–34 years 15.98%
35–54 years 23.74%
55–64 years 12.94%
65 years and over (seniors) 16.69%

Understanding the Demographic Dependency Ratio in Clinch County, Georgia

The total dependency ratio in Clinch County, Georgia is 71.44. The youth dependency ratio is 42.82, and the old-age dependency ratio is 28.62. In demographic terms, the dependency ratio measures the size of the population typically not in the labor force (children under 18 and older adults 65+) relative to the working age (18-64) population. A higher ratio indicates a greater financial and social burden on the working population to support the non-working age groups.


What is the Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Clinch County, Georgia?

Race and Ethnicity Distribution Chart for Clinch County, Georgia
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

The racial makeup and ethnic composition (racial demographics) of Clinch County, Georgia is detailed below, based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates.

The Diversity Index for Clinch County, Georgia is calculated at 51.88, suggesting a moderate level of racial and ethnic diversity. This index measures the probability that two people chosen at random will be from different racial or ethnic groups.

The following table provides the breakdown of the population of Clinch County, Georgia by race and ethnicity:

Population Percentage by Racial and Ethnic Group in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Racial/Ethnic Group Percentage
White Alone (Non-Hispanic) 64.15%
Black/African American Alone 25.56%
Hispanic or Latino (Any Race) 5.61%
Two or More Races 3.29%
American Indian and Alaska Native Alone 1.19%
Asian Alone 0.21%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Alone 0.00%
Some Other Race Alone 0.00%

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Household Income Distribution

Horizontal bar chart showing household income distribution in Clinch County, Georgia.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the median household income in Clinch County, Georgia over the past 12 months, adjusted for 2023 inflation, was $55,549. This figure is based on a total of 2,470 households.

The distribution of household income in Clinch County, Georgia across various income brackets is as follows:

Household Income Distribution in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Income Range Percentage of Households
Less than $20,000 22.31%
$20,000 to $34,999 15.63%
$35,000 to $49,999 10.77%
$50,000 to $74,999 16.80%
$75,000 to $149,999 27.41%
$150,000 or more 7.09%

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Property Value Distribution

Line chart showing the distribution of property values for owner-occupied housing units in Clinch County, Georgia.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the distribution of property values for owner-occupied housing units in Clinch County, Georgia is based on a total of 1,731 properties.

The property value distribution in Clinch County, Georgia across various value brackets is as follows:

Property Value Distribution in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Property Value Range Percentage of Properties
Less than $25,000 13.69%
$25,000 to $49,999 10.23%
$50,000 to $99,999 32.64%
$100,000 to $199,999 26.11%
$200,000 to $499,999 17.10%
$500,000 to $999,999 0.23%
$1,000,000 or more 0.00%

Educational Attainment in Clinch County, Georgia (2023 Data)

Treemap chart illustrating the educational attainment breakdown for population 25 years and over in Clinch County, Georgia.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the educational attainment data covers the population 25 years and older in Clinch County, Georgia, totaling 4,662 individuals.

81.19% of Clinch County, Georgia population has a high school diploma or higher. Furthermore, the percentage of individuals who hold a Bachelor's Degree or a higher professional/graduate degree is 13.02%.

The detailed breakdown by educational level is presented below:

Educational Attainment Distribution in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Educational Attainment Level Percentage of Population 25+
Less than high school graduate 18.81%
High school graduate (incl. equivalency) 44.59%
Some college or associate's degree 23.57%
Bachelor's Degree 9.07%
Graduate or professional degree 3.95%

What is the Health Insurance Coverage Rate in Clinch County, Georgia?

Pyramid chart showing health insurance coverage by age and sex in Clinch County, Georgia.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the health insurance coverage data for Clinch County, Georgia shows that 22.5% of the population lacks health insurance coverage. This represents 1,494 individuals out of a total population of 6,635 people.

The uninsured rates vary significantly by age group. Young adults (18-34 years) have uninsured rates of 47.6% for males and 32.6% for females. In the 35-64 age bracket, 30.3% of males and 17.2% of females are uninsured.

Children under 18 and seniors aged 65+ generally have higher coverage rates due to public programs like Medicaid/CHIP and Medicare. In Clinch County, Georgia, uninsured rates for children are 25.0% for males and 12.9% for females, while seniors have rates of 5.1% for males and 0.0% for females.

Uninsured Rates by Age Group and Sex in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Age Group Male Uninsured % Female Uninsured %
Under 18 25.0% 12.9%
18-34 years 47.6% 32.6%
35-64 years 30.3% 17.2%
65+ years 5.1% 0.0%

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Population by Nativity and Citizenship Status

Treemap showing the population distribution by nativity and citizenship status in Clinch County, Georgia based on U.S. Census data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the nativity and citizenship data for Clinch County, Georgia shows that 94.9% of the population are U.S. citizens. This includes both native-born and naturalized citizens, representing 6,382 individuals out of a total population of 6,722 people.

The nativity breakdown reveals diverse origins: 94.1% were born in the United States, 0.0% were born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas, and 0.3% were born abroad of American parent(s).

Among the foreign-born population, 0.6% of the total population have become naturalized U.S. citizens (42 individuals), while 5.1% are non-citizens (340 individuals).

Nativity and Citizenship Distribution in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Nativity/Citizenship Status Percentage
Born in the United States 94.1%
Born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas 0.0%
Born abroad of American parent(s) 0.3%
U.S. citizen by naturalization 0.6%
Not a U.S. citizen 5.1%
Total U.S. Citizens 94.9%

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Means of Transportation to Work

Treemap showing means of transportation to work distribution in Clinch County, Georgia.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the commuting patterns for Clinch County, Georgia show that 82.8% of workers commute by car, truck, or van. This represents 2,150 workers out of a total workforce of 2,598 people.

Public transportation usage stands at 6.6% (171 workers), which includes buses, subways, light rail, commuter trains, and ferries, but excludes taxicabs. Active transportation methods include walking (2.2%) and bicycling (0.0%).

4.5% of workers in Clinch County, Georgia report working from home. An additional 4.0% use other means such as taxicabs, motorcycles, or other forms of transportation. These alternative commuting patterns reflect changing work arrangements and transportation preferences in the modern workforce.

Commuting Methods Distribution in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Transportation Method Percentage Number of Workers
Car, truck, or van 82.8% 2,150
Public transportation 6.6% 171
Bicycle 0.0% 0
Walked 2.2% 56
Taxicab, motorcycle, or other means 4.0% 105
Worked from home 4.5% 116
Total Workers - 2,598

Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Employment by Class of Worker

Horizontal bar chart showing employment distribution by class of worker and gender in Clinch County, Georgia, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the civilian employed population aged 16 and over in Clinch County, Georgia totals 2,598 workers. Of these, 1,495 (57.5%) are male and 1,103 (42.5%) are female.

The employment distribution by class of worker in Clinch County, Georgia is as follows:

Employment Distribution by Class of Worker and Sex in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Employment Class Male Workers Female Workers
Private For-Profit 1,102 (42.4%) 434 (16.7%)
Private Non-Profit 173 (6.7%) 102 (3.9%)
Government (All Levels) 111 (4.3%) 528 (20.3%)
  • Local Government 48 304
  • State Government 12 222
  • Federal Government 51 2
Self-Employed 97 (3.7%) 39 (1.5%)

Class of worker categorizes employed civilians by their employment arrangement. Private sector workers are employed by for-profit or non-profit companies. Government workers include those employed at local, state, or federal levels. Self-employed workers operate their own unincorporated businesses. Understanding the class of worker distribution provides insights into the economic structure and employment diversity of Clinch County, Georgia.


Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Veterans by Period of Service

Horizontal bar chart showing veteran distribution by period of military service in Clinch County, Georgia, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 209 civilian veterans aged 18 and over in Clinch County, Georgia.

The largest group of veterans served during Vietnam Era Only, accounting for 128 veterans (61.2% of all veterans). The second-largest group served during Post-9/11 Only, with 36 veterans (17.2%).

The complete distribution of veterans by period of military service in Clinch County, Georgia is as follows:

Veteran Distribution by Period of Military Service in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Period of Service Number of Veterans Percentage
Vietnam Era Only (August 1964 to April 1975) 128 61.2%
Post-9/11 Only (September 2001 or later) 36 17.2%
World War II Only (December 1941 to December 1946) 19 9.1%
Gulf War Only (August 1990 to August 2001) 12 5.7%
Between Gulf War and Vietnam Era 9 4.3%
Between Vietnam Era and Korean War 5 2.4%
Total Veterans 209 100.0%

Period of military service categorizes veterans based on when they served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans may have served during multiple periods, including World War II (December 1941–December 1946), the Korean War (July 1950–January 1955), the Vietnam Era (August 1964–April 1975), the Gulf War (August 1990–August 2001), and Post-9/11 (September 2001 or later). Understanding veteran demographics helps communities provide appropriate services, benefits, and support to those who have served.


Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: Families by Income-to-Poverty Ratio

Horizontal bar chart showing family distribution by income-to-poverty ratio in Clinch County, Georgia, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 1,750 families in Clinch County, Georgia.

Of these families, 265 (15.1%) live below the poverty line (income less than 100% of the federal poverty level). An additional 687 families (39.3%) are at or near poverty (100-199% of poverty). Meanwhile, 798 families (45.6%) have incomes at least twice the poverty level.

The complete distribution of families by income-to-poverty ratio in Clinch County, Georgia is as follows:

Family Distribution by Income-to-Poverty Ratio in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Income-to-Poverty Ratio Number of Families Percentage
Below 50% of Poverty 127 7.3%
50-74% of Poverty 47 2.7%
75-99% of Poverty 91 5.2%
100-124% of Poverty 84 4.8%
125-149% of Poverty 162 9.3%
150-174% of Poverty 72 4.1%
175-184% of Poverty 12 0.7%
185-199% of Poverty 17 1.0%
200-299% of Poverty 340 19.4%
300-399% of Poverty 245 14.0%
400-499% of Poverty 241 13.8%
500%+ of Poverty 312 17.8%
Total Families 1,750 100.0%

Income-to-poverty ratio measures how a family's income compares to the federal poverty threshold, which varies by family size and composition. A ratio below 1.00 (100%) indicates the family lives in poverty. Ratios between 1.00 and 1.99 represent families with low incomes who may still struggle financially despite being technically above the poverty line. Families with ratios of 2.00 (200%) or higher generally have more economic security. Understanding poverty distribution helps communities allocate resources and develop programs to support families in need.


Clinch County, Georgia 2023 Demographics: SNAP/Food Stamps Recipients

Stacked bar chart showing SNAP/Food Stamps recipient household composition by presence of children under 18 in Clinch County, Georgia, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 2,470 total households in Clinch County, Georgia. Of these, 540 households (21.86%) received SNAP/Food Stamps benefits in the past 12 months.

Among SNAP-recipient households, 227 (42.04%) have children under 18 years, while 313 (57.96%) do not have children under 18 years.

Household Composition of SNAP Recipients

SNAP Recipient Household Composition in Clinch County, Georgia, 2023
Household Type With Children Under 18 No Children Under 18
Married-Couple Family 25 (4.63%) 45 (8.33%)
Male Householder, No Spouse 19 (3.52%) 0 (0.00%)
Female Householder, No Spouse 183 (33.89%) 50 (9.26%)
Nonfamily Households 0 (0.00%) 218 (40.37%)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps, provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families. The program aims to help eligible households purchase nutritious food. SNAP participation rates and household composition patterns provide important insights into economic hardship and food security challenges in Clinch County, Georgia. Households with children under 18 often face greater nutritional needs, while households without children may include seniors, disabled individuals, or working adults facing economic challenges.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The age breakdown for the population of Clinch County, Georgia is detailed below, showing the percentage of the total population for each group:

Age Group Percentage
Under 5 years6.49%
5–17 years (children)18.49%
18–24 years (young adults)5.67%
25–34 years15.98%
35–54 years23.74%
55–64 years12.94%
65 years and over (seniors)16.69%

The racial and ethnic composition of Clinch County, Georgia is dominated by: White Alone (Non-Hispanic): 64.15%, Black/African American Alone: 25.56%, Hispanic or Latino (Any Race): 5.61%. The complete breakdown includes 8 distinct racial and ethnic categories.

The median household income in Clinch County, Georgia is $55,549. This represents the midpoint of all household incomes in the area, meaning half of households earn more than this amount and half earn less.

The household income distribution in Clinch County, Georgia is: Very Low Income (under $20,000): 22.31%, Low Income ($20,000-$34,999): 15.63%, Lower Middle Income ($35,000-$49,999): 10.77%, Middle Income ($50,000-$74,999): 16.80%, Upper Middle Income ($75,000-$149,999): 27.41%, High Income ($150,000+): 7.09%.

Approximately 23.20% of households in Clinch County, Georgia earn over $100,000 annually. This includes households earning between $100,000 and $124,999, $125,000 and $149,999, $150,000 and $199,999, and $200,000 or more.

The property value distribution for owner-occupied housing units in Clinch County, Georgia is: Less than $25,000: 13.69%, $25,000-$49,999: 10.23%, $50,000-$99,999: 32.64%, $100,000-$199,999: 26.11%, $200,000-$499,999: 17.10%, $500,000-$999,999: 0.23%, $1,000,000 or more: 0.00%.

There are 1,731 owner-occupied housing units in Clinch County, Georgia. This represents homes that are owned by the people living in them, as opposed to rental properties or vacant units.

Approximately 0.23% of owner-occupied housing units in Clinch County, Georgia are valued over $500,000. This includes properties valued between $500,000 and $749,999, $750,000 and $999,999, $1,000,000 and $1,499,999, $1,500,000 and $1,999,999, and $2,000,000 or more.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 13.02% of the population aged 25 and older holds a bachelor's degree or higher. This includes those with bachelor's degrees as well as those with graduate or professional degrees.

The educational attainment breakdown for Clinch County, Georgia (population 25+) is: Less than high school graduate: 18.81%, High school graduate (including equivalency): 44.59%, Some college or associate's degree: 23.57%, Bachelor's degree: 9.07%, Graduate or professional degree: 3.95%.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 81.19% of the population aged 25 and older has completed at least a high school education. This includes high school graduates, those with some college, associate's degrees, bachelor's degrees, and graduate degrees.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 22.5% of the population lacks health insurance coverage. This represents 1,494 individuals out of a total population of 6,635 people.

The uninsured rates vary by age group in Clinch County, Georgia. For young adults (18-34 years), 47.6% of males and 32.6% of females lack coverage. In the 35-64 age group, 30.3% of males and 17.2% of females are uninsured. These working-age populations typically face different coverage challenges than children or seniors.

Children under 18 in Clinch County, Georgia have uninsured rates of 25.0% for males and 12.9% for females. Seniors aged 65 and older, who are typically covered by Medicare, have uninsured rates of 5.1% for males and 0.0% for females. These age groups generally have higher coverage rates due to public programs.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 94.9% of the population are U.S. citizens. This includes native-born citizens and naturalized citizens. Out of a total population of 6,722 people, 6,382 are U.S. citizens.

Clinch County, Georgia has 42 naturalized U.S. citizens, representing 0.6% of the total population. These are foreign-born individuals who have gone through the naturalization process to become U.S. citizens.

The nativity and citizenship breakdown for Clinch County, Georgia is: 94.1% were born in the United States, 0.0% were born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas, 0.3% were born abroad of American parent(s), 0.6% are foreign-born naturalized U.S. citizens, and 5.1% are foreign-born non-citizens.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 82.8% of workers commute by car, truck, or van, making it the most common means of transportation to work. Out of 2,598 total workers, 2,150 use personal vehicles for their commute.

171 workers in Clinch County, Georgia use public transportation (excluding taxicabs) to commute to work, representing 6.6% of all workers. This includes buses, subways, light rail, commuter trains, and ferries.

Alternative commute methods in Clinch County, Georgia include: 4.5% work from home, 2.2% walk to work, 0.0% bicycle, and 4.0% use other means such as taxicabs or motorcycles. These alternatives to driving alone help reduce traffic congestion and environmental impact.

"Class of worker" refers to the type of employer or work arrangement for employed civilians aged 16 and over in Clinch County, Georgia. It categorizes workers into private sector (for-profit and non-profit), government (local, state, and federal), self-employed, and unpaid family workers. This classification helps understand the employment structure and economic composition of the workforce.

According to the American Community Survey, Clinch County, Georgia has 2,598 employed civilians aged 16 and over. The private for-profit sector employs the largest share of workers, with 42.4% of male workers and 16.7% of female workers in this category.

In Clinch County, Georgia, there are 111 male government workers and 528 female government workers. Government employment includes local, state, and federal positions. This represents 4.3% of male workers and 20.3% of female workers.

Self-employment in Clinch County, Georgia includes 97 males (3.7%) and 39 females (1.5%). Self-employed workers operate their own businesses that are not legally incorporated.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 540 households (21.86% of all households) received SNAP/Food Stamps benefits in the past 12 months. Out of 2,470 total households, these families rely on this federal nutrition assistance program to help purchase food.

Of the SNAP-receiving households in Clinch County, Georgia, 227 (42.04%) have children under 18 years. These families face additional nutritional needs and food security challenges as they work to provide adequate nutrition for growing children.

SNAP recipients in Clinch County, Georgia include diverse household types. Among households with children, 183 (33.89%) are headed by a female householder with no spouse present, while 25 (4.63%) are married-couple families. The program also serves households without children, including seniors, disabled individuals, and working adults facing economic challenges.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps, is a federal program that provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families. Eligibility is based on household income, resources, and size. In Clinch County, Georgia, SNAP helps eligible households purchase nutritious food at authorized retailers. The program aims to alleviate hunger and improve nutrition and health outcomes for vulnerable populations.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, there are 209 civilian veterans aged 18 and over living in Clinch County, Georgia. These individuals have served on active duty in the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard. This number does not include those with only National Guard or Reserves training without active duty service.

The most common period of military service for veterans in Clinch County, Georgia is Vietnam Era Only, with 128 veterans (61.2% of all veterans) who served during this period. The second most common period is Post-9/11 Only, with 36 veterans (17.2%).

"Period of service" categorizes veterans based on when they served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Major periods include World War II (December 1941-December 1946), the Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), the Vietnam Era (August 1964-April 1975), the Gulf War (August 1990-August 2001), and Post-9/11 (September 2001 or later). Veterans may have served during multiple periods. Understanding the distribution of service periods helps communities in Clinch County, Georgia provide appropriate services and support to their veteran population.

Veterans who served during the Gulf War era (1990-2001) and Post-9/11 era (2001-present) represent approximately 27.3% of all veterans in Clinch County, Georgia. These more recent-era veterans, totaling around 57 individuals, often have different service experiences and support needs compared to veterans of earlier conflicts. They may benefit from targeted programs addressing issues such as transition to civilian life, employment assistance, and access to VA healthcare services.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 265 families (15.1% of all families) live below the federal poverty line. This means their household income is less than 100% of the poverty threshold established by the U.S. Census Bureau, which varies by family size and composition. Out of 1,750 total families, these households face significant economic challenges meeting basic needs.

"Income-to-poverty ratio" measures how a family's income compares to the federal poverty threshold. A ratio of 1.00 (100%) means the family's income equals the poverty line. Below 1.00 indicates poverty, while ratios above 1.00 show income levels relative to poverty. For example, a ratio of 2.00 (200%) means the family earns twice the poverty threshold. In Clinch County, Georgia, this data helps identify not just families in poverty, but also those who are economically vulnerable despite being above the official poverty line.

Beyond families living in poverty, Clinch County, Georgia has 687 families (39.3%) with incomes between 100% and 199% of the poverty level. These families are often called 'near poverty' or low-income households. Specifically, 318 families (18.2%) have incomes between 100% and 149% of poverty. While technically above the poverty line, these families often struggle with housing costs, healthcare, childcare, and other expenses, making them economically vulnerable.

In Clinch County, Georgia, 127 families (7.3%) live in extreme poverty, with incomes below 50% of the federal poverty threshold. These families face severe economic hardship and often require comprehensive assistance programs. On the other end of the spectrum, 798 families (45.6%) have incomes at least 200% above the poverty level, indicating greater financial stability and economic security.