2023 US ZIP Code 44319 Demographics | Data & Analysis

Ready-to-use reports, analytics, and visualizations covering US ZIP Code 44319, including population, race, income, and more. Based on 2023 American Community Survey Estimates.

US ZIP Code 44319 Key Demographic Statistics (2023 Estimates)

Key demographic statistics summarized from the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS).

Total Population
21,469
Median Age
47.7 years
Median Household Income
$74,781
Bachelor's Degree+
29.90%
Uninsured Rate
4.9%
Total Households
9,480
Total Workers
11,413
Citizenship Rate
99.4%
Total Veterans
1,352
Top Veteran Era
Vietnam Era Only
Poverty Rate
4.5%
Families in Poverty
270
SNAP Recipients
10.37%
Households w/ SNAP
983

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Age & Gender Distribution

Bar chart showing the population distribution of US ZIP Code 44319 by age group and gender, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the total population of US ZIP Code 44319 is 21,469. The median age of the population in US ZIP Code 44319 is 47.7 years. The median age for males is 47.0 years, and for females it is 48.2 years.

The age distribution of the population in US ZIP Code 44319 by age group is as follows:

Population Percentage by Age Group in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Age GroupPercentage
Under 5 years2.93%
5–17 years (children)12.24%
18–24 years (young adults)8.20%
25–34 years13.68%
35–54 years24.64%
55–64 years15.46%
65 years and over (seniors)22.85%

Understanding the Demographic Dependency Ratio in US ZIP Code 44319

The total dependency ratio in US ZIP Code 44319 is 61.32. The youth dependency ratio is 24.46, and the old-age dependency ratio is 36.87. In demographic terms, the dependency ratio measures the size of the population typically not in the labor force (children under 18 and older adults 65+) relative to the working age (18-64) population. A higher ratio indicates a greater financial and social burden on the working population to support the non-working age groups.


What is the Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of US ZIP Code 44319?

Race and Ethnicity Distribution Chart for US ZIP Code 44319
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

The racial makeup and ethnic composition (racial demographics) of US ZIP Code 44319 is detailed below, based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates.

The Diversity Index for US ZIP Code 44319 is calculated at 17.19, suggesting a very low level of racial and ethnic diversity. This index measures the probability that two people chosen at random will be from different racial or ethnic groups.

The following table provides the breakdown of the population of US ZIP Code 44319 by race and ethnicity:

Population Percentage by Racial and Ethnic Group in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Racial/Ethnic GroupPercentage
White Alone (Non-Hispanic)90.88%
Two or More Races3.48%
Black/African American Alone1.88%
Hispanic or Latino (Any Race)1.79%
Asian Alone1.67%
Some Other Race Alone0.25%
American Indian and Alaska Native Alone0.05%
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Alone0.00%

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Household Income Distribution

Horizontal bar chart showing household income distribution in US ZIP Code 44319.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the median household income in US ZIP Code 44319 over the past 12 months, adjusted for 2023 inflation, was $74,781. This figure is based on a total of 9,480 households.

The distribution of household income in US ZIP Code 44319 across various income brackets is as follows:

Household Income Distribution in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Income RangePercentage of Households
Less than $20,0008.02%
$20,000 to $34,99912.49%
$35,000 to $49,99912.25%
$50,000 to $74,99917.47%
$75,000 to $149,99933.55%
$150,000 or more16.22%

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Property Value Distribution

Line chart showing the distribution of property values for owner-occupied housing units in US ZIP Code 44319.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the distribution of property values for owner-occupied housing units in US ZIP Code 44319 is based on a total of 7,050 properties.

The property value distribution in US ZIP Code 44319 across various value brackets is as follows:

Property Value Distribution in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Property Value RangePercentage of Properties
Less than $25,0001.86%
$25,000 to $49,9990.45%
$50,000 to $99,9995.79%
$100,000 to $199,99947.57%
$200,000 to $499,99938.74%
$500,000 to $999,9995.42%
$1,000,000 or more0.17%

Educational Attainment in US ZIP Code 44319 (2023 Data)

Treemap chart illustrating the educational attainment breakdown for population 25 years and over in US ZIP Code 44319.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the educational attainment data covers the population 25 years and older in US ZIP Code 44319, totaling 16,453 individuals.

95.58% of US ZIP Code 44319 population has a high school diploma or higher. Furthermore, the percentage of individuals who hold a Bachelor's Degree or a higher professional/graduate degree is 29.90%.

The detailed breakdown by educational level is presented below:

Educational Attainment Distribution in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Educational Attainment LevelPercentage of Population 25+
Less than high school graduate4.42%
High school graduate (incl. equivalency)31.92%
Some college or associate's degree33.75%
Bachelor's Degree18.57%
Graduate or professional degree11.34%

What is the Health Insurance Coverage Rate in US ZIP Code 44319?

Pyramid chart showing health insurance coverage by age and sex in US ZIP Code 44319.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the health insurance coverage data for US ZIP Code 44319 shows that 4.9% of the population lacks health insurance coverage. This represents 1,038 individuals out of a total population of 21,211 people.

The uninsured rates vary significantly by age group. Young adults (18-34 years) have uninsured rates of 9.8% for males and 5.5% for females. In the 35-64 age bracket, 9.7% of males and 5.5% of females are uninsured.

Children under 18 and seniors aged 65+ generally have higher coverage rates due to public programs like Medicaid/CHIP and Medicare. In US ZIP Code 44319, uninsured rates for children are 1.5% for males and 1.3% for females, while seniors have rates of 0.0% for males and 0.0% for females.

Uninsured Rates by Age Group and Sex in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Age GroupMale Uninsured %Female Uninsured %
Under 181.5%1.3%
18-34 years9.8%5.5%
35-64 years9.7%5.5%
65+ years0.0%0.0%

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Population by Nativity and Citizenship Status

Treemap showing the population distribution by nativity and citizenship status in US ZIP Code 44319 based on U.S. Census data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the nativity and citizenship data for US ZIP Code 44319 shows that 99.4% of the population are U.S. citizens. This includes both native-born and naturalized citizens, representing 21,339 individuals out of a total population of 21,469 people.

The nativity breakdown reveals diverse origins: 97.1% were born in the United States, 0.0% were born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas, and 0.5% were born abroad of American parent(s).

Among the foreign-born population, 1.8% of the total population have become naturalized U.S. citizens (384 individuals), while 0.6% are non-citizens (130 individuals).

Nativity and Citizenship Distribution in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Nativity/Citizenship StatusPercentage
Born in the United States97.1%
Born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas0.0%
Born abroad of American parent(s)0.5%
U.S. citizen by naturalization1.8%
Not a U.S. citizen0.6%
Total U.S. Citizens99.4%

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Means of Transportation to Work

Treemap showing means of transportation to work distribution in US ZIP Code 44319.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the commuting patterns for US ZIP Code 44319 show that 87.7% of workers commute by car, truck, or van. This represents 9,815 workers out of a total workforce of 11,189 people.

Public transportation usage stands at 0.0% (2 workers), which includes buses, subways, light rail, commuter trains, and ferries, but excludes taxicabs. Active transportation methods include walking (0.8%) and bicycling (0.0%).

10.8% of workers in US ZIP Code 44319 report working from home. An additional 0.7% use other means such as taxicabs, motorcycles, or other forms of transportation. These alternative commuting patterns reflect changing work arrangements and transportation preferences in the modern workforce.

Commuting Methods Distribution in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Transportation MethodPercentageNumber of Workers
Car, truck, or van87.7%9,815
Public transportation0.0%2
Bicycle0.0%0
Walked0.8%88
Taxicab, motorcycle, or other means0.7%77
Worked from home10.8%1,207
Total Workers-11,189

US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Employment by Class of Worker

Horizontal bar chart showing employment distribution by class of worker and gender in US ZIP Code 44319, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, the civilian employed population aged 16 and over in US ZIP Code 44319 totals 11,413 workers. Of these, 5,688 (49.8%) are male and 5,725 (50.2%) are female.

The employment distribution by class of worker in US ZIP Code 44319 is as follows:

Employment Distribution by Class of Worker and Sex in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Employment ClassMale WorkersFemale Workers
Private For-Profit4,412 (38.7%)3,935 (34.5%)
Private Non-Profit448 (3.9%)880 (7.7%)
Government (All Levels)562 (4.9%)784 (6.9%)
  • Local Government372558
  • State Government109169
  • Federal Government8157
Self-Employed254 (2.2%)126 (1.1%)

Class of worker categorizes employed civilians by their employment arrangement. Private sector workers are employed by for-profit or non-profit companies. Government workers include those employed at local, state, or federal levels. Self-employed workers operate their own unincorporated businesses. Understanding the class of worker distribution provides insights into the economic structure and employment diversity of US ZIP Code 44319.


US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Veterans by Period of Service

Horizontal bar chart showing veteran distribution by period of military service in US ZIP Code 44319, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 1,352 civilian veterans aged 18 and over in US ZIP Code 44319.

The largest group of veterans served during Vietnam Era Only, accounting for 606 veterans (44.8% of all veterans). The second-largest group served during Between Gulf War & Vietnam, with 241 veterans (17.8%).

The complete distribution of veterans by period of military service in US ZIP Code 44319 is as follows:

Veteran Distribution by Period of Military Service in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Period of ServiceNumber of VeteransPercentage
Vietnam Era Only (August 1964 to April 1975)60644.8%
Between Gulf War and Vietnam Era24117.8%
Gulf War Only (August 1990 to August 2001)18013.3%
Post-9/11 Only (September 2001 or later)15511.5%
Between Vietnam Era and Korean War957.0%
Korean War Only (July 1950 to January 1955)302.2%
Post-9/11 and Gulf War (August 1990 to August 2001)292.1%
Gulf War and Vietnam Era161.2%
Total Veterans1,352100.0%

Period of military service categorizes veterans based on when they served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans may have served during multiple periods, including World War II (December 1941–December 1946), the Korean War (July 1950–January 1955), the Vietnam Era (August 1964–April 1975), the Gulf War (August 1990–August 2001), and Post-9/11 (September 2001 or later). Understanding veteran demographics helps communities provide appropriate services, benefits, and support to those who have served.


US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: Families by Income-to-Poverty Ratio

Horizontal bar chart showing family distribution by income-to-poverty ratio in US ZIP Code 44319, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 6,015 families in US ZIP Code 44319.

Of these families, 270 (4.5%) live below the poverty line (income less than 100% of the federal poverty level). An additional 1,722 families (28.6%) are at or near poverty (100-199% of poverty). Meanwhile, 4,023 families (66.9%) have incomes at least twice the poverty level.

The complete distribution of families by income-to-poverty ratio in US ZIP Code 44319 is as follows:

Family Distribution by Income-to-Poverty Ratio in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Income-to-Poverty RatioNumber of FamiliesPercentage
Below 50% of Poverty751.2%
50-74% of Poverty1492.5%
75-99% of Poverty460.8%
100-124% of Poverty2434.0%
125-149% of Poverty1923.2%
150-174% of Poverty1412.3%
175-184% of Poverty2103.5%
185-199% of Poverty1171.9%
200-299% of Poverty81913.6%
300-399% of Poverty99916.6%
400-499% of Poverty96616.1%
500%+ of Poverty2,05834.2%
Total Families6,015100.0%

Income-to-poverty ratio measures how a family's income compares to the federal poverty threshold, which varies by family size and composition. A ratio below 1.00 (100%) indicates the family lives in poverty. Ratios between 1.00 and 1.99 represent families with low incomes who may still struggle financially despite being technically above the poverty line. Families with ratios of 2.00 (200%) or higher generally have more economic security. Understanding poverty distribution helps communities allocate resources and develop programs to support families in need.


US ZIP Code 44319 2023 Demographics: SNAP/Food Stamps Recipients

Stacked bar chart showing SNAP/Food Stamps recipient household composition by presence of children under 18 in US ZIP Code 44319, based on 2023 ACS data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS Estimates

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) Estimates, there are 9,480 total households in US ZIP Code 44319. Of these, 983 households (10.37%) received SNAP/Food Stamps benefits in the past 12 months.

Among SNAP-recipient households, 191 (19.43%) have children under 18 years, while 792 (80.57%) do not have children under 18 years.

Household Composition of SNAP Recipients

SNAP Recipient Household Composition in US ZIP Code 44319, 2023
Household TypeWith Children Under 18No Children Under 18
Married-Couple Family121 (12.31%)87 (8.85%)
Male Householder, No Spouse0 (0.00%)0 (0.00%)
Female Householder, No Spouse70 (7.12%)303 (30.82%)
Nonfamily Households0 (0.00%)402 (40.90%)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps, provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families. The program aims to help eligible households purchase nutritious food. SNAP participation rates and household composition patterns provide important insights into economic hardship and food security challenges in US ZIP Code 44319. Households with children under 18 often face greater nutritional needs, while households without children may include seniors, disabled individuals, or working adults facing economic challenges.


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The age breakdown for the population of US ZIP Code 44319 is detailed below, showing the percentage of the total population for each group:

Age GroupPercentage
Under 5 years2.93%
5–17 years (children)12.24%
18–24 years (young adults)8.20%
25–34 years13.68%
35–54 years24.64%
55–64 years15.46%
65 years and over (seniors)22.85%

The racial and ethnic composition of US ZIP Code 44319 is dominated by: White Alone (Non-Hispanic): 90.88%, Two or More Races: 3.48%, Black/African American Alone: 1.88%. The complete breakdown includes 8 distinct racial and ethnic categories.

The median household income in US ZIP Code 44319 is $74,781. This represents the midpoint of all household incomes in the area, meaning half of households earn more than this amount and half earn less.

The household income distribution in US ZIP Code 44319 is: Very Low Income (under $20,000): 8.02%, Low Income ($20,000-$34,999): 12.49%, Lower Middle Income ($35,000-$49,999): 12.25%, Middle Income ($50,000-$74,999): 17.47%, Upper Middle Income ($75,000-$149,999): 33.55%, High Income ($150,000+): 16.22%.

Approximately 33.60% of households in US ZIP Code 44319 earn over $100,000 annually. This includes households earning between $100,000 and $124,999, $125,000 and $149,999, $150,000 and $199,999, and $200,000 or more.

The property value distribution for owner-occupied housing units in US ZIP Code 44319 is: Less than $25,000: 1.86%, $25,000-$49,999: 0.45%, $50,000-$99,999: 5.79%, $100,000-$199,999: 47.57%, $200,000-$499,999: 38.74%, $500,000-$999,999: 5.42%, $1,000,000 or more: 0.17%.

There are 7,050 owner-occupied housing units in US ZIP Code 44319. This represents homes that are owned by the people living in them, as opposed to rental properties or vacant units.

Approximately 5.59% of owner-occupied housing units in US ZIP Code 44319 are valued over $500,000. This includes properties valued between $500,000 and $749,999, $750,000 and $999,999, $1,000,000 and $1,499,999, $1,500,000 and $1,999,999, and $2,000,000 or more.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 29.90% of the population aged 25 and older holds a bachelor's degree or higher. This includes those with bachelor's degrees as well as those with graduate or professional degrees.

The educational attainment breakdown for US ZIP Code 44319 (population 25+) is: Less than high school graduate: 4.42%, High school graduate (including equivalency): 31.92%, Some college or associate's degree: 33.75%, Bachelor's degree: 18.57%, Graduate or professional degree: 11.34%.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 95.58% of the population aged 25 and older has completed at least a high school education. This includes high school graduates, those with some college, associate's degrees, bachelor's degrees, and graduate degrees.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 4.9% of the population lacks health insurance coverage. This represents 1,038 individuals out of a total population of 21,211 people.

The uninsured rates vary by age group in US ZIP Code 44319. For young adults (18-34 years), 9.8% of males and 5.5% of females lack coverage. In the 35-64 age group, 9.7% of males and 5.5% of females are uninsured. These working-age populations typically face different coverage challenges than children or seniors.

Children under 18 in US ZIP Code 44319 have uninsured rates of 1.5% for males and 1.3% for females. Seniors aged 65 and older, who are typically covered by Medicare, have uninsured rates of 0.0% for males and 0.0% for females. These age groups generally have higher coverage rates due to public programs.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 99.4% of the population are U.S. citizens. This includes native-born citizens and naturalized citizens. Out of a total population of 21,469 people, 21,339 are U.S. citizens.

US ZIP Code 44319 has 384 naturalized U.S. citizens, representing 1.8% of the total population. These are foreign-born individuals who have gone through the naturalization process to become U.S. citizens.

The nativity and citizenship breakdown for US ZIP Code 44319 is: 97.1% were born in the United States, 0.0% were born in Puerto Rico or U.S. Island Areas, 0.5% were born abroad of American parent(s), 1.8% are foreign-born naturalized U.S. citizens, and 0.6% are foreign-born non-citizens.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 87.7% of workers commute by car, truck, or van, making it the most common means of transportation to work. Out of 11,189 total workers, 9,815 use personal vehicles for their commute.

2 workers in US ZIP Code 44319 use public transportation (excluding taxicabs) to commute to work, representing 0.0% of all workers. This includes buses, subways, light rail, commuter trains, and ferries.

Alternative commute methods in US ZIP Code 44319 include: 10.8% work from home, 0.8% walk to work, 0.0% bicycle, and 0.7% use other means such as taxicabs or motorcycles. These alternatives to driving alone help reduce traffic congestion and environmental impact.

"Class of worker" refers to the type of employer or work arrangement for employed civilians aged 16 and over in US ZIP Code 44319. It categorizes workers into private sector (for-profit and non-profit), government (local, state, and federal), self-employed, and unpaid family workers. This classification helps understand the employment structure and economic composition of the workforce.

According to the American Community Survey, US ZIP Code 44319 has 11,413 employed civilians aged 16 and over. The private for-profit sector employs the largest share of workers, with 38.7% of male workers and 34.5% of female workers in this category.

In US ZIP Code 44319, there are 562 male government workers and 784 female government workers. Government employment includes local, state, and federal positions. This represents 4.9% of male workers and 6.9% of female workers.

Self-employment in US ZIP Code 44319 includes 254 males (2.2%) and 126 females (1.1%). Self-employed workers operate their own businesses that are not legally incorporated.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 983 households (10.37% of all households) received SNAP/Food Stamps benefits in the past 12 months. Out of 9,480 total households, these families rely on this federal nutrition assistance program to help purchase food.

Of the SNAP-receiving households in US ZIP Code 44319, 191 (19.43%) have children under 18 years. These families face additional nutritional needs and food security challenges as they work to provide adequate nutrition for growing children.

SNAP recipients in US ZIP Code 44319 include diverse household types. Among households with children, 70 (7.12%) are headed by a female householder with no spouse present, while 121 (12.31%) are married-couple families. The program also serves households without children, including seniors, disabled individuals, and working adults facing economic challenges.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as Food Stamps, is a federal program that provides nutrition assistance to low-income individuals and families. Eligibility is based on household income, resources, and size. In US ZIP Code 44319, SNAP helps eligible households purchase nutritious food at authorized retailers. The program aims to alleviate hunger and improve nutrition and health outcomes for vulnerable populations.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey, there are 1,352 civilian veterans aged 18 and over living in US ZIP Code 44319. These individuals have served on active duty in the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard. This number does not include those with only National Guard or Reserves training without active duty service.

The most common period of military service for veterans in US ZIP Code 44319 is Vietnam Era Only, with 606 veterans (44.8% of all veterans) who served during this period. The second most common period is Between Gulf War & Vietnam, with 241 veterans (17.8%).

"Period of service" categorizes veterans based on when they served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Major periods include World War II (December 1941-December 1946), the Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), the Vietnam Era (August 1964-April 1975), the Gulf War (August 1990-August 2001), and Post-9/11 (September 2001 or later). Veterans may have served during multiple periods. Understanding the distribution of service periods helps communities in US ZIP Code 44319 provide appropriate services and support to their veteran population.

Veterans who served during the Gulf War era (1990-2001) and Post-9/11 era (2001-present) represent approximately 45.9% of all veterans in US ZIP Code 44319. These more recent-era veterans, totaling around 621 individuals, often have different service experiences and support needs compared to veterans of earlier conflicts. They may benefit from targeted programs addressing issues such as transition to civilian life, employment assistance, and access to VA healthcare services.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 270 families (4.5% of all families) live below the federal poverty line. This means their household income is less than 100% of the poverty threshold established by the U.S. Census Bureau, which varies by family size and composition. Out of 6,015 total families, these households face significant economic challenges meeting basic needs.

"Income-to-poverty ratio" measures how a family's income compares to the federal poverty threshold. A ratio of 1.00 (100%) means the family's income equals the poverty line. Below 1.00 indicates poverty, while ratios above 1.00 show income levels relative to poverty. For example, a ratio of 2.00 (200%) means the family earns twice the poverty threshold. In US ZIP Code 44319, this data helps identify not just families in poverty, but also those who are economically vulnerable despite being above the official poverty line.

Beyond families living in poverty, US ZIP Code 44319 has 1,722 families (28.6%) with incomes between 100% and 199% of the poverty level. These families are often called 'near poverty' or low-income households. Specifically, 576 families (9.6%) have incomes between 100% and 149% of poverty. While technically above the poverty line, these families often struggle with housing costs, healthcare, childcare, and other expenses, making them economically vulnerable.

In US ZIP Code 44319, 75 families (1.2%) live in extreme poverty, with incomes below 50% of the federal poverty threshold. These families face severe economic hardship and often require comprehensive assistance programs. On the other end of the spectrum, 4,023 families (66.9%) have incomes at least 200% above the poverty level, indicating greater financial stability and economic security.